Game Theories - Presentation
This STEM activity is an introduction to strategic thinking for students, while at the same time, it consolidates their understanding of data, and probability while playing games of Rock, Paper, Scissors.
Your students will push their problem solving to the limit, and you will have the opportunity to assess a number of tricky ACARA codes along the way.
There are multiple ways to complete this activity depending on the ability levels in your classroom, and the time you have available.
Learning goals
- We are learning to identify and describe possible outcomes by conducting chance experiments.
- We are learning to identify and describe possible outcomes by conducting chance experiments.
- We are learning to describe possible everyday events, order their chances of occurring and determine independent or dependent events.
- We are learning to identify events where the chance of one will not be affected by the occurrence of the other.
- We are learning to identify and describe possible outcomes by conducting chance experiments and compare equally likely, e.g. names drawn randomly from a hat and not equally likely outcomes, e.g. bag of marbles containing 6 red and 2 blue.
- We are learning to identify and describe possible outcomes by conducting chance experiments and represent probabilities of these using fractions.
- We are learning to recognise that the probability of an event occurring can be represented using a scale of 0 β 1 or 0% - 100% to estimate chances of events.
- We are learning to describe probabilities using fractions, decimals and percentages.
- We are learning to conduct chance experiments to observe relationships between outcomes, identify and describe the variation in results.
- We are learning to conduct chance experiments with an increasing number of trials and compare the relative frequency of an outcome.
- We are learning to conduct chance experiments with both small and large numbers of trials.
- We are learning to compare frequencies (likely outcomes) across experiments and to unexpected results.
- We are learning to explore and describe a range of digital systems and their peripherals for different purposes.
- We are learning to identify and explore a range of digital systems with peripheral devices for different purposes and transmit different types of data.
- We are learning to recognise different types of data and how the same data can be represented differently depending on the purpose.
- We are learning to recognise different types of data and explore how the same data can be represented in different ways.
- We are learning to explore how to transmit different types of data between digital systems.
- We are learning to collect, access and present different types of data using simple software to create information and solve problems.
- We are learning to define problems using design criteria and by co-creating user stories.
- We are learning to follow and describe algorithms involving sequencing, comparison operators (branching) and iteration.
- We are learning to define simple problems and describe and follow a sequence of steps and decisions (algorithms) needed to solve them.
- We are learning to select and use appropriate digital tools effectively to create, locate and communicate content.
- We are learning to acquire, store and validate different types of data and use a range of software to interpret and visualise data to create information.
- We are learning to define problems by creating user stories.
- We are learning to generate, modify, communicate and evaluate designs.
- We are learning to define problems in terms of data and functional requirements, drawing on previously solved problems.
- We are learning to design algorithms involving multiple branching and iteration.
- We are learning to design, modify and follow simple algorithms involving sequences of steps, branching and iteration (repetition).
- We are learning to implement algorithms as visual programs involving control structures, variables and input.
- We are learning to implement digital solutions as simple visual programs involving branching, iteration (repetition) and user input.
- We are learning to evaluate solutions against design criteria, user stories and their broader community impact.
- We are learning to access multiple personal accounts using unique passphrases and explain the risks of password re-use.
- We are learning to explain how student solutions and existing information systems are sustainable and meet current and future local community needs.
Curriculum alignment
Evaluate existing and student solutions against the design criteria and user stories and their broader community impact
AC9TDI6P07 9Select and use appropriate digital tools effectively to create, locate and communicate content, applying common conventions
AC9TDI6P09 9Access multiple personal accounts using unique passphrases and explain the risks of password re-use
AC9TDI6P01 9Define problems with given or co developed design criteria and by creating user stories
AC9TDI4P02 9Follow and describe algorithms involving sequencing, comparison operators (branching) and iteration
AC9TDI6P05 9Implement algorithms as visual programs involving control structures, variables and input
AC9TDI4P01 9Define problems with given design criteria and by co-creating user stories
AC9TDI4K02 9Explore transmitting different types of data between digital systems
AC9M3P02 9 Conduct repeated chance experiments; identify and describe possible outcomes, record the results, recognise and discuss the variation AC9TDI4K03 9Recognise different types of data and explore how the same data can be represented differently depending on the purpose
AC9TDI6P02 9Design algorithms involving multiple alternatives (branching) and iteration
AC9TDI6P04 9Generate, modify, communicate and evaluate designs
AC9TDI4K01 9Explore and describe a range of digital systems and their peripherals for a variety of purposes
AC9M4P01 9 Describe possible everyday events and the possible outcomes of chance experiments and order outcomes or events based on their likelihood of occurring; identify independent or dependent events AC9M6P02 9 Conductβ―repeatedβ―chance experiments and run simulations with an increasing number of trials using digital tools; compare observations with expected results and discuss the effect on variation of increasing the number of trials AC9M5P01 9 List the possible outcomes of chance experiments involving equally likely outcomes and compare to those which are not equally likely AC9M6P01 9 Recognise that probabilities lie on numerical scales of 0 β 1 or 0% β 100% and use estimation to assign probabilities that events occur in a given context, using common fractions, percentages and decimals AC9M4P02 9 Conduct repeated chance experiments to observe relationships between outcomes; identify and describe the variation in results ACMSP116 8.4 List outcomes of Probability (Chance) experiments involving equally likely outcomes and represent probabilities of those outcomes using fractions ACMSP067 8.4 Conduct Probability (Chance) experiments, identify and describe possible outcomes and recognise variation in results ACTDIP021 8.4Explain how student solutions and existing information systems are sustainable and meet current and future local community needs
ACTDIP020 8.4Implement digital solutions as simple visual programs involving branching, iteration (repetition), and user input
ACTDIP019 8.4Design, modify and follow simple algorithms involving sequences of steps, branching, and iteration (repetition)
ACTDIP017 8.4Define problems in terms of data and functional requirements drawing on previously solved problems
ACMSP094 8.4 Identify events where the Probability (Chance) of one will not be affected by the occurrence of the other ACTDIP016 8.4Acquire, store and validate different types of data, and use a range of software to interpret and visualise data to create information
ACTDIP010 8.4Define simple problems, and describe and follow a sequence of steps and decisions (algorithms) needed to solve them
ACMSP146 8.4 Compare observed frequencies across experiments with expected frequencies ACMSP145 8.4 Conduct Probability (Chance) experiments with both small and large numbers of trials using appropriate digital technologies ACTDIK007 8.4Identify and explore a range of digital systems with peripheral devices for different purposes, and transmit different types of data
ACTDIP009 8.4Collect, access and present different types of data using simple software to create information and solve problems
ACTDIK008 8.4Recognise different types of data and explore how the same data can be represented in different ways
ACMSP144 8.4 Describe probabilities using fractions, decimals and percentagesAustralian Curriculum covers QLD / SA / WA / NT / TAS / ACT.
Differentiation
Modifications
There are multiple options for completing the second half of this activity depending on the ability levels in your classroom. If the concepts in the second half seem too difficult, you have the option of finishing with the spreadsheets and graphs, and still having a fun, memorable (and assessable) activity to do with your students.
Extensions
While some of the strategy ideas may seem conceptually challenging, the students are not asked to solve any difficult problem, only to think about a familiar game in a different way. Students can be challenged to develop their strategy through the “Stra-tree-gic Thinking” sheet, and then to test and hone that strategy through repeated rounds of data collection and examination.